Evolution and Speciation in Plants

1. General Introduction Part A: Environmental Factors 2. Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis 3. Phototrophic Heterotrophy 4. Spatial Distribution Part B: Life History Traits B1: Sexuality 5. Monoecy: Reproductive Systems 6. Dioecy and Sex Ratio 7. Polyploids - Hybrids - Grafts 8. Parthenogenesis - Apomixis 9. Clonals and Stem Cells Part C: Gametogenesis and Fertilization 10. Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis 11. Heterogamety - Sex Genes 12. Annuals - Herbs - Semelp 13. Pollination and Coevolution 14. Self- and Cross-Fertilization 15. Spores - Seeds - Dispersal Part D: Germination and Development 16. Germination and Recruitment 17. Brooders and Vivipares 18. Sex Determination 19. Hormones and Differentiation Part E: Past, Present and Future 20. Past: Weathering and Oxygenation 21. Present: Conservation and Dormancy 22. Future: Climate Change 23. References

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• Biologia do desenvolvimento
• A Terra: história natural geral
• Reprodução e propagação das plantas

Life History Traits;Fragaria Virginiana;Mercurialis Annua;Free Hand Drawing;Pollen Tube;Male Flowers;Bisexual Flower;Female Flowers;Sex Chromosome;Floral Morph;Marchantia Polymorpha;Tamil Nadu;Sonoran Desert;Silene Latifolia;Female Gametophytes;Red Algae;Seed Germination;Anemophilous Plants;Seed Weight;Sea Waters;Ecballium Elaterium;Sex Determination;Germination Success;Motile Zoospores;Dioecious Species