Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics

Contents:

PART I SUBJECTS AND SUBFIELDS
Agenda-setting research in the age of social media 2
Porismita Borah and Yan Su
Clicktivism, slacktivism and connective action 5
Max Halupka
Cybersecurity 9
Tobias Liebetrau and Linda Monsees
Digitally networked protests 14
Dan Mercea
E-campaigning and elections 17
Joerg Hassler
E-democracy 21
Emiliana De Blasio
Electoral predictions from social media data 25
Marko M. Skoric and Kokil Jaidka
Internet and political participation 29
Shelley Boulianne and Stephanie Belland
Nowcasting and forecasting with Big Data 34
Amparo Blazquez-Soriano and Rosmery Ramos-Sandoval
Populism and social media 37
Peter Maurer
Social media and autocracy 42
Tamara Grechanaya
Social media and political trust 46
Christopher Starke
Social media and public health 50
Francesca Greco and Guido Giarelli
Social media revolution versus normalization 54
Joachim Astroem and Martin Karlsson
Social TV and second screen 59
Fabio Giglietto
Terrorism and online extremism 62
Fatima Zahrah and Jason R. C. Nurse
Violence, conflict, war and social media 67
Eleonora Mattiacci

PART II METHODS
Digital trace data analysis 73
Luca Corchia
Technicity-of-the-mediums 77
Janna Joceli Omena
Data collection: APIs and scraping 81
Marius Saeltzer and Aleksandra Butneva
Audio as data 86
Ludovic Rheault and Sophie Borwein
Image as data and visual methods 90
Uta Russmann and Anastasia Veneti
Text as data 94
Kohei Watanabe
Scaling models in political science 98
Daniel Braby, Benjamin Guinaudeau and Marius Saeltzer
Sentiment analysis and opinion mining 105
Francesca Greco
Topic models 108
Theresa Gessler
Mobile positioning data 111
Anu Masso, Siiri Silm and Olle Jaerv
Machine learning and deep learning 114
David Muchlinski
Qualitative methods 118
Lucia Bainotti
Digital ethnography 122
Alessandro Caliandro
Social network analysis 126
Katherine Ognyanova

PART III ACTORS
Activated public opinion 132
Andrea Ceron
Algorithm, machine learning and artificial intelligence 135
Andrea Ferrario and Michele Loi
Bots 139
Rose Marie Santini and Debora Salles
Digital advocacy 143
Gabriella Scaramuzzino
Digital parties 147
Linn Sandberg
Fact-checking 151
Camille J. Saucier and Nathan Walter
Hacktivists 155
Marco Deseriis
Hyperleaders 159
Roberta Bracciale
Political influencers 163
Andreu Casero-Ripolles
Social media analytics companies 167
Ivan Manokha
Trolls 171
Andreas Birkbak and Yevgeniy Golovchenko
Voting advice applications 176
Bastiaan Bruinsma
WikiLeaks and whistleblowers 180
Meghan Van Portfliet and Kate Kenny

PART IV CORE KEYWORDS
Big Data 186
Nathan TeBlunthuis
Censorship online 190
Tamara Grechanaya
Data journalism 192
Sergio Splendore
Deep Web and Dark Web 196
Robert W. Gehl
Digital public sphere 200
Lidia Valera-Ordaz
Disinformation 205
Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano
Echo chambers 210
Daniel Stegmann, Birgit Stark and Melanie Magin
Fake news 216
Jana Laura Egelhofer and Jakob-Moritz
Eberl
Filter bubbles 220
Daniel Stegmann, Melanie Magin and Birgit Stark
Hashtag politics 225
Janna Joceli Omena
Microtargeting 231
Mathieu Lavigne
Misinformation 235
Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano
(Non-)representativeness of social media data 239
Melanie Magin
Online political hostility 244
Linn Sandberg and Anamaria Dutceac Segesten
Open data 248
Irene Nonyelum Azogu and Justin Longo
Post-truth 253
Jakob-Moritz Eberl and Jana Laura Egelhofer
Viral political marketing 257
Marton Bene
Wisdom of crowds 262
Fabio Franch

PART V DEBATED AND EMERGING
TOPICS
Apps and politics 269
David B. Nieborg and Kaushar Mahetaji
Computational propaganda effects 273
Rose Marie Santini, Debora Salles, Lorena Lucas Regattieri and Carlos Eduardo Barros
Conspiracy theories on social media 277
Edward Hurcombe
Coordinated inauthentic behavior 280
Fabio Giglietto
Crypto-politics 283
Linda Monsees
Data doxa 287
Gavin John Douglas Smith
Digital movement of opinion 291
Mauro Barisione
Digital surveillance 294
Kathleen Kuehn
Election manipulation and interference 298
Amelie Henle and Samantha Bradshaw
Gamification in politics 304
Michael Bossetta
Meme politics 308
Giulia Giorgi and Ilir Rama
Online sources for journalism 313
Sergio Splendore
Platform labor and digital labor 317
Alessandro Gandini
Robots and politics 320
Ryan David Kiggins
Sentiment democracy 324
Andrea Ceron
Twiplomacy 327
Maja Simunjak

Index 332

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Big Data; Digital Methods; E-Democracy; Information Technology; Political Communication; Social Media