Western Europe 2025

PART ONE General Survey

The European Union: Navigating an Uncertain Future

MICHAEL J. GEARY

Economic Perspectives in Western Europe, the European Union and the Eurozone

CHRISTIAN SCHWEIGER

European Foreign and Security Policy

ANDREW COTTEY

Russia and Energy Security in Western Europe

ROBERT E. LOONEY

The Environment and Climate Change in Western Europe

JEREMY MOULTON

The Politics of Migration in Western Europe

ERICA CONSTERDINE

Populism in Western Europe: Profiteers or Victims of Crises?

MARCEL LEWANDOWSKY

PART TWO Country Surveys

Sections on geography, history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country

ANDORRA

AUSTRIA

History KURT RICHARD LUTHER

Economy GUENTHER K. CHALOUPEK

BELGIUM

History MIN REUCHAMPS

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

DENMARK

History FLEMMING JUUL CHRISTIANSEN and MADS DAGNIS JENSEN

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

DANISH EXTERNAL TERRITORIES

THE FAROE ISLANDS

GREENLAND

FINLAND

History MIKKO KUISMA

Economy KARI HEIMONEN

FINNISH EXTERNAL TERRITORY

THE ALAND ISLANDS

FRANCE

History PAUL SMITH

Economy THEO AIOLFI

GERMANY

History MARCUS BOEICK

Economy CHRISTIAN SCHWEIGER

ICELAND

History STEFANIA OSKARSDOTTIR

Economy GYLFI MAGNUSSON

IRELAND

History MUIRIS MACCARTHAIGH

Economy MICHAEL GEARY

ITALY

History JAMES L. NEWELL

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

LIECHTENSTEIN

LUXEMBOURG

History ANNA-LENA HOEGENAUER

Economy ELENA DANESCU

MALTA

History GODFREY A. PIROTTA

Economy LINO BRIGUGLIO

MONACO

THE NETHERLANDS

History JEROEN DEWULF

Economy JAKOB DE HAAN

NORWAY

History MART KULDKEPP

Economy ROEGNVALDUR HANNESSON

NORWEGIAN EXTERNAL TERRITORIES

SVALBARD

JAN MAYEN

PORTUGAL

History MARCO LISI

Economy MIGUEL LEBRE DE FREITAS and FRANCISCO TORRES

SAN MARINO

SPAIN

History RICHARD GILLESPIE

Economy XAVIER CUADRAS MORATO

SWEDEN

History TOMMY MOELLER

Economy LARS MAGNUSSON

SWITZERLAND

History MARC BUEHLMANN

Economy TOBIAS STRAUMANN

THE UNITED KINGDOM

History NICHOLAS DICKINSON

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

UNITED KINGDOM CROWN DEPENDENCIES

THE CHANNEL ISLANDS

Guernsey

Islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey

Jersey

THE ISLE OF MAN

UNITED KINGDOM OVERSEAS TERRITORY

GIBRALTAR

THE VATICAN CITY

PART THREE Regional Information

RESEARCH INSTITUTES

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

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• Directórios
• Estudos regionais
• Anuários, anais e almanaques
• História da Europa
• Economia internacional
• Política e governo
• Referência geográfica

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