Aeronomy of Mars

Introduction.- Foundation of Ionospheric Theory.- Instruments for Ionospheric Measurements on Mars.- Exploration to Mars Atmosphere.- Thermal Structure of Mars Atmosphere.- Magnetic Field of Mars.- Upper Atmosphere of Mars.- Atmospheric Escape from Mars.- Upper Ionosphere of Mars.- Heating of the Upper Ionosphere of Mars.- Models of the Martian ionosphere.- Solar Flux for Ionospheric Modeling of Mars.- Cross Sections for Ionospheric Modeling of Mars.- Ionization Sources of Upper Ionosphere of Mars.- Mars Upper Ionospheric Disturbances.- Upper Ionosphere of Mars during Low, Medium and High Solar Activity.- Airglow on Mars.- Middle Ionosphere of Mars.- Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere of Mars.- Lower Atmosphere of Mars.- Trace Gases of Mars Atmosphere.- Seasonal Variability of Atmospheric Gases.- Infrared Thermal Emissions from Mars Atmosphere.- Lower Ionosphere of Mars.- Conductivity.- Dust Storm in the Lower Atmosphere of Mars.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.

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• Física Matemática
• Sistema Solar: o Sol e os planetas
• Física aplicada
• Observação astronómica: observatórios, equipamento e métodos
• Ciências da terra
• Física do plasma

Mars Upper Ionosphere;Modeling the Martian atmosphere;Ionospheric theory;Radio Occultation;Langmuir Probe;Mars Advanced Radar;Stratospheric Gravity waves;Mars Global Surveyor;Mariner 4;Solar Flux